![]() ![]() With a little water in the freshwater tanks and a single power source, you can easily make it through the night.īut if you’re attempting a few days or more-the maximum boondocking limit on most public lands is two weeks-you’ll need to address your resource needs to ensure your home on wheels can sustain itself off-grid. If you’re only boondocking overnight, you won’t need to do too much prep. ![]() You should also note weather conditions for the days leading up to your arrival at a campsite, as heavy rains could mean a muddy campsite or impassable roads. Rains can flood or wash away access roads, unexpected mountain snow storms can trap you, and wildfires can close public lands. Temperatures between 40 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit are ideal in order to avoid having to run A/C or a heater. What to Know Before You Decide to Go Boondockingīefore heading out into the wilderness, always check the weather forecast, even if you’re only boondocking for one night. Dry camping is often more expensive than boondocking because campgrounds typically have amenities like public bathhouses and paved roads, which boondocking areas rarely offer. But while both terms describe camping without hookups, the term boondocking is almost exclusively used for camping outside of designated campgrounds. Boondocking sites tend to be first come, first served, and do not require reservations.ĭry camping is often confused with boondocking. Some boondocking sites may charge a small overnight fee, but this is typically less than $20 per night. Most often, boondocking is free, which makes it a great way for campers to save money and experience unspoiled nature. Air conditioners and furnaces require too much power to temperature control an RV during extreme heat or cold, making it difficult to boondock in many areas throughout the year. Photo: Alyssa Padgettīecause your RV isn’t hooked up to electricity, boondocking is popular during months and in areas where temperatures aren’t extreme, like the mountains of Colorado in the summer and the deserts of Arizona in the winter. Boondocking in this way is sometimes referred to as wild, primitive, or dispersed camping and often comes with Instagram-worthy views. Most of the time when campers talk about boondocking, they’re referring to camping in national forests or on BLM (Bureau of Land Management) land. You can boondock in many different ways, like staying overnight in a business parking lot or camping on public lands. In this article:īoondocking in an RV is when you camp without hookups to electricity, water, or sewage. But knowing the basics of boondocking can be useful for any camper-it’s cheap, convenient, and gives you access to incredible views you otherwise might not see. While some campers enjoy the outdoors at traditional RV parks with full hookups and free WiFi, others opt to rough it with boondocking. For many campers, RVing is about being outside, relaxing in nature, and finding peace in the beauty of the outdoors. ![]()
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![]() Instead, they started looking for interesting characters on social media and approaching them about being on the show. When they returned for the fall semester, this time as roommates in a rented apartment downtown, they wanted to start shooting again right away, but with COVID lowering the ambient energy in the streets, they realized they couldn’t rely on spontaneous encounters. They were devastated to have to interrupt their project. With no school and no dorms, Simonian was forced to return to his parents’ home in Malibu, Byrne to Long Island with his family. The Sidetalk account went from a few thousand followers to tens of thousands in a matter of days. Nicolas Heller, whom they had befriended on Instagram not long before, was with them at the time and posted his perspective on tagging them as a promotion. But it was the Purim video that was their breakthrough. ![]() We were just like, ‘Hey, guys, what’s up?’ ”Īfter starting Sidetalk their freshman year in the fall of 2019, the duo spent most days of the week outside, after, before, and in between classes, filming the people they encountered. “We ran up the steps of the brownstone into the house, and there were all these Hasidic men going crazy, jumping around. “We filmed that video in 30 minutes.” They’d been having a terrible day finding nothing to shoot, but with a mix of ease and fearlessness, they happened to see an open door and walked through. “We couldn’t remake it if we tried,” Byrne admits. There’s an unhinged energy to the encounter. In one of the boys’ favorite episodes, filmed on the dangerous cusp of lockdown last year, they crashed a Purim party in Williamsburg and danced with Trump-loving Hasidim. Watching them, I couldn’t always tell if they were being judgmental or celebratory. In the best episodes, Simonian has a subdued joy at being around chaos, like an anthropologist excited to join in the customs of a foreign land. 54, turned out to be fairly tame - less guerrilla than some of the most memorable Sidetalks. While working, they commune through a mix of whispers and what seems like ESP, never losing their cool no matter how many times it takes Mo to nail the line. Byrne, who resembles a Kennedy and speaks in the octave of Sam Elliott, is the cameraman, but beyond that, it would be hard to pick apart who’s really doing what - they often finish each other’s sentences. Simonian, the one with a shock of black Timothée Chalamet hair, is the straight man on-camera. “If I don’t get your vote, don’t let me find out who you are, ’cause I’m comin’ ova there, I’mma crack yoo ova tha head with a loaf of sem-o-leeena!” Mo yells into the camera as he paces the length of Mulberry Street. On this particular afternoon, their subject is Lil Mo Mozzarella, a proudly Italian aspiring TikTok star who has taken his ostensible mayoral campaign to the streets of Little Italy with his Moncler puffer unzipped and his velvet track pants shimmering. You might meet a man named Jesus humping a tree in Central Park or a foulmouthed child talking about women with big butts. Each post begins with the familiar bing-bong sound of the subway’s “Stand clear of the closing doors” recording, but after that, you might find the sloe-eyed Simonian deadpanning into the camera as a disturbed woman screams about Jezebel’s children. It’s not what you might expect if you’ve ever seen an episode of their raucous one-minute Instagram show, Sidetalk. The Saturday in January is crystalline and frigid, but the two NYU students arrive with open puffer jackets, no gloves, and a “Let’s get right down to business” competence that makes it possible to forget they’re only 19. on the dot, just as they said they would. Trent Simonian and Jack Byrne show up at 12:30 p.m. Photo: Jamel Shabazz for New York Magazine ![]() Sidetalk’s Trent Simonian and Jack Byrne with their frequent guest Spider Cuz. ![]() ![]() ![]() Did Parris Island film Full Metal Jacket?įull Metal Jacket | 1987 The first half, the training sequence on ‘Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island, South Carolina’, was filmed at PEA Bassingbourn Barracks, Bassingbourn, north of Royston on the A505 between Cambridge and Letchworth in Cambridgeshire. Who are the toughest Marines?ĭivision Marine Recon Marine Recon is arguably in the top five of all special operators - capable of harassing an entire enemy battalion for long periods of time tracking enemy units for larger American forces or conducting well-orchestrated raids on high-valued targets. He was actually a drill instructor and Stanley Kubrick was dedicated to making everything as authentic as possible. This can be attributed to the legendary R. ‘Full Metal Jacket’ The entire film is great, but the representation of Marines in the first act of the film is (mostly) accurate. How accurate is Full Metal Jacket boot camp? Top 10 Marine Corps in the World – Countries with Best Marines He achieved fame for his role as Gunnery Sergeant Hartman in the 1987 film Full Metal Jacket, which earned him a Golden Globe nomination for Best Supporting Actor. Ronald Lee Ermey (Ma– April 15, 2018) was an American actor and Marine drill instructor. The movie is buoyed by some incredible actors turning in ultra-realistic work. Few war films capture the hell of combat as believably as Full Metal Jacket. ![]() ![]() Lee Ermey, the tough-as-nails drill sergeant from Stanley Kubrick’s classic film FullMetal Jacket, maintains that the GEICO Insurance Company fired him because he criticized the policies of President Barack Obama. Lee Ermey Improvised Over 50% of His Lines Because He Knew How to Be a Sergeant. Vietnam Marine vet and character actor R. How much did Lee Ermey improvised Full Metal Jacket? ![]() ![]() ![]() For example, if you want to write a simple script where you have an HTML form and you ask the user to provide their details like name and gender. In this example, we will be using if and else if statement to test multiple conditions.Īnd with this, we have finished the JavaScript flow control basics and now we know how we can implement condition-based code execution in our JavaScript code. Also, having an else block at the end is optional. We can have as many else if block as we want after the if statement. The else if statement is used between the if and else statement, where else is not mandatory.īelow we have the basic syntax of using else if along with if and else statements. When we have to implement multiple conditions in our script then we can use the if, else if and else statements in our code. JavaScript else if statement is used along with the if statement to define multiple different conditions and code blocks. But wait, what if we have more than one condition in our logic, then? Should we use multiple if blocks? The answer to this is covered in the next section. Now that we have learned how to use if.else statements, we can make our script execute different code statements based on different conditions. In this example, we will be using an else block along with and if statement and block. ![]() We cannot provide a condition/expression with the else statement like we do with the if statement. The else statement is always used along with the if statement right after the if block. The else statement also creates a code block that is only executed when the specified condition in the if statement is false. JavaScript if statement lets you to create a code block with a condition and if the specified condition is true then code statements written inside the if block will get executed. Now let's see how does the combination of if.else block works in JavaScript. ![]() In this example, we are using if statement and the if block will be executed only if the expression is true. Also, the condition will be satisfied when the expression returns true or any positive numeric value, and in that case, the block of code statements enclosed within the curly braces below the if statement will be executed. The condition passed with the if statement is mostly an expression that can have comparison of two values, any expression returning boolean output true/false, or any other expression. ![]() JavaScript if: Syntax and Useīelow we have the basic syntax for using the if statement in the JavaScript code. The condition for the if statement is enclosed within the parenthesis immediately after the if keyword. You can use the if statement when we want to execute code statements only when a particular condition is true. It is one of the most basic and simplest way to control the flow of program based on conditions. In JavaScript, if is a conditional statement that is used to control the program flow just like in C, C++, etc programming languages. For example, see the following statement, if you score more than 40% marks you will pass the exam else you will fail in the exam, here the condition is score more than 40%, if it's true then you pass, if it is false then you fail. The if and else conditional statement works just like they are used in real worl while communicating. In JavaScript, to control the flow of your program or script based on conditions, we can use the if.else conditional statements. ![]() ![]() Just remember, though: At-home laser hair-removal devices are only safe for fair-to-tan skin tones with dark hair, meaning they're not safe for deeper skin tones with dark hair, or lighter skin tones with white, blonde, or red hair. For me, the biggest pro-aside from the cost-is that I can slowly decrease my facial hair from the comfort of my couch rather than trekking to my dermatologist's office. Yes, this bb is expensive, but it still costs waaaay less than getting laser-hair treatments by a professional every six weeks. "Overall, the level of discomfort is totally manageable, though the first time you use it it will be the most uncomfortable because it has the most hairs to pull out." ![]() THE REVIEW: "I was tired of shaving and having stubbly legs only a day or two later, and I didn't want to go through the hassle or expense of waxing or laser hair removal, so I started looking into epilators ," reads a product tester's review. Permanence: Not permanent (but results can last as long as waxing).And if epilating scares you, know worries-it also comes with a shaving attachment and a trimming attachment, so you can remove your hair however TF you want. The cordless and waterproof device is equipped with 40 tiny tweezers to remove facial hair (or whatever kind of hair) with each pass, and, unlike with waxing, it can also grab super-short hairs, so you don't need to wait a few weeks for it to grow out between treatments. But (!) epilators have come a long way since your grandma's day-so much so that one Cosmo editor wrote a love letter to this exact Braun epilator for being virtually painless (yes, really). ![]() If you know anything about epilating, you know that it's commonly thought of as hella painful, thanks to the fact that it plucks each hair from its root (so you stay hair-free for longer), like a bunch of tweezers operating all at once. Our top facial hair removal picks for 2023: We updated this article in May 2023 to add new, first-person testing and reviews for top-rated products, delete outdated facial-hair removers, and check in with new experts for the latest in how to remove facial hair, just for you. ✔️ P.S., This is new, up-to-date info, bb. But first, here’s a peek at our top facial hair removal picks: Overwhelming, right? So to help the process feel less confusing, we helped narrow down the best products for facial hair removal, and also got tips from three dermatologists- Mona Gohara, MD Joshua Zeichner, MD and Victoria Barbosa, MD-to help you choose. ![]() While I personally tried the ol’ face-shaving method with a face shaver, you actually tons of options when it comes to facial hair removal, including facial waxing, dermaplaning, laser hair removal, epilating, and tweezing. And after finally testing them myself, I am happy-and honestly shocked?-to report that getting rid of my peach fuzz was basically the key to air-brushed makeup and a cure to my cakey makeup days. If you’ve been on TikTok recently, you already know that an ongoing trend has been all things facial-hair removal, including the best products and methods to remove facial hair for smoother skin and makeup. ![]() ![]() ![]() O Positive’s place in the Boston rock firmament is still so prominent that they were one of the last bands played on WFNX before it went off the air on July 20, 2012. Ingham operates the Shuz recording studio in Newton, and soundman-cum-rhythm guitarist Dave Martin has released a series of heartfelt solo albums. Additionally, Herlihy practices entertainment law and teaches at Northeastern University. Singer Dave Herlihy, drummer Ken Hickey, and bassist Dave Ingham have played around town as a trio variously named Hurl, Toyboat, and Hey Dave in the intervening years, and O Positive has reunited sporadically for benefit concerts. The confrontational and cathartic Home Sweet Head (Smashing, 1993) became their swan song, and O Positive disbanded in early 1995. Thanks to college radio, the band had a national reputation as a band to watch, but their maiden major label voyage, toyboatToyBoatTOYBOAT (Epic, 1990) got caught up in the wake of label politics before it had the chance to sink or swim. Their video for the radio hit “With You” got some airplay on MTV. After placing in the Rumble, the band’s EPs Only Breathing (Throbbing Lobster, 1985) and Cloud Factory (Link, 1987) became top sellers at Newbury Comics. O Positive formed in 1983 in the metro-west suburbs, and their intense live shows made them a popular live act. The quintet’s angular melodies, emotional vocals, shimmering guitars, and glossy production struck a positive chord among local rock fans. Those with type O and type B were more likely to get kidney stones.Back in the ’80s and ’90s, you couldn’t turn on a radio in Boston without hearing one of O Positive’s songs. ![]() More than five million people in Sweden were studied to determine the link between blood type and health risks. Northwestern also reports that those with type A blood may have more trouble handling stress due to heightened levels of the stress hormone cortisol. pylori infection, which tends to be more common in people with type A blood, according to Northwestern Medicine. Individuals with A, B and AB blood types are more likely to get stomach cancer. WebMD reports that risk for coronary heart disease is lower among the O group as opposed to other types. The protective nature of type O blood also applies to heart disease. Researchers at Columbia University reported similar risks associated with type A blood. In 1989 I found this song on a music sample. In a study published in March 2020, researchers in China found that “blood group A was associated with a higher risk for acquiring COVID-19 compared with non-A blood groups.” O Positive was a great band from Boston in the late 80s and early 90s that made smart and sophisticated alt rock. Evidence held even when researchers took into account age, sex, body mass index, and other factors. A key finding of the genetics company 23andme indicated that people with type O had lower incidences of COVID-19 positive tests. Recent research indicates that blood type can affect one’s risk of contracting COVID-19 as well as the severity of symptoms. Studies examining how blood type affects overall health are ongoing, and such research garnered extra attention from the general public during the COVID-19 pandemic. Type O: Neither A nor B antigens on red cells (but both A and B antibodies in the plasma). Type AB: Both A and B antigens on red cells (but neither A nor B antibodies in the plasma). Type B: Only the B antigen on red cells (and A antibody in the plasma). Type A: Only the A antigen on red cells (and B antibody in the plasma). Blood type is further affected by a protein called the Rh factor, which can be present (+) or absent (-). The American Red Cross says there are four main blood types, which are determined by the presence or absence of A and B antigens on the surfaces of red blood cells and the presence of antibodies in the blood plasma. However, it may pay to learn more about blood type, as it can affect your overall health in a variety of ways. Most people do not give much thought to the blood running through their veins. ![]() ![]() ![]() These expanded transaction types have become increasingly important in today’s global economy, where customers demand immediate access to information and services from anywhere at any time. What is an online transaction processing database: OLTP databases process a high volume of simple transactionsĪdditionally, OLTP now encompasses a wide range of activities such as downloading PDFs, watching specific videos, and even social media interactions, which are critical for businesses to record in order to improve their services to customers. These interactions can originate from anywhere in the world and through any web-connected sensor. However, with the evolution of the internet, the definition of transaction has broadened to include all types of digital interactions and engagements between a business and its customers. Initially, the OLTP concept was restricted to in-person exchanges that involved the transfer of goods, money, services, or information. This method is crucial in modern-day business operations, allowing for real-time processing of transactions, reducing delays and enhancing the efficiency of the system. These transactions, typically economic or financial in nature, are recorded and secured to provide the enterprise with anytime access to the information, which is utilized for accounting or reporting purposes. Online transaction processing (OLTP) is a data processing technique that involves the concurrent execution of multiple transactions, such as online banking, shopping, order entry, or text messaging. Join us as we embark on a journey of discovery, uncovering the secrets behind one of the most fundamental building blocks of the digital age. In this article, we will take a deep dive into the world of OLTP databases, exploring their critical role in modern business operations and the benefits they offer in streamlining business transactions. OLTP is the backbone of modern data processing, a critical component in managing large volumes of transactions quickly and efficiently.īut the true power of OLTP databases lies beyond the mere execution of transactions, and delving into their inner workings is to unravel a complex tapestry of data management, high-performance computing, and real-time responsiveness. ![]() ![]() What is an online transaction processing database (OLTP)? A question as deceptively simple as it is complex. ![]() ![]() ![]() It took two bites of the dark-blue topping for my entire mouth to turn the same color. I noticed the dark-blue frosting was lighter and more whipped in texture than the light-blue and white dollops on top of the cake. The interior icing felt lighter and more whipped than the outer layer, but I suspect that's due to the moisture inside rather than it being a different recipe. Once I was finally able to taste it, I found it consisted of two layers of spongy yellow cake with white icing in between. It was the only one of the three sold frozen, so I had to wait for it to defrost fully before I could dive in. But since I'm someone who enjoys scooping frosting with my pinky finger and eating it on its own, I don't think I would request this cake at my birthday party.Īgain, the smell of icing and sprinkles hit my nose when I took the lid off of this sheet cake. While the frosting wasn't my favorite, it did taste better when I ate it in conjunction with the cake layers. But that's just part of the fun of eating food coloring. It tasted artificial, but not in the same sugary way as the Food Lion frosting.Īs I expected, the red balloon on top of the cake dyed my mouth the same way the blue coloring on the Food Lion cake had. ![]() After tasting the buttercream frosting on its own, I noticed that it had a lovely silky, light, whipped texture, but I didn't think it tasted like frosting at all. If someone offered me a slice, I would definitely be excited.īut I thought it smelled kind of strange when I first took the lid off. The flavor of the yellow layers was mildly sweet and rich with butter. It tasted sweet in a natural way and had what I would call a medium density - it wasn't too heavy and rich, but it didn't fall apart from being too airy. The first bite showed me why everyone loves this treat for special occasions. The cake was moist and held together while I picked up the full slice as one piece. When I cut into this cake, I saw a four-layered yellow cake with three interior layers of buttercream. I wasn't a fan of the Publix frosting on its own.Ĭustomers have a strong connection to the fluffy icing and fresh-tasting cake from Publix, and I can totally see why. I wouldn't choose it for a celebration if I had access to other options. Overall, I wasn't impressed with this one. The cake was sweet, moderately moist, and had more of a crumbly texture than that of a sponge cake. If you've ever baked a cake before, you know that's usually what happens when the batter touches the pan. The cake was a beautiful yellow color with a very thin dark-brown layer around the bottom. (As a note, I don't know what ingredients the store uses to make its frosting.)Īfter biting into the blue frosting, my entire mouth was coated the same color, including my tongue, lips, and teeth. The frosting was lacking in flavor, and I really thought it had a chemical taste rather than something natural or sweet, like vanilla. It was crystallized in texture, which meant I could feel all the little sugary bits on my tongue - it wasn't a pleasant experience, in my opinion. When I took a bite of this bakery-section treat, the first thing I noticed was the frosting. I was the least impressed with this cake. Quick, less mess and did I mention soft chewy cookies? They are the easiest cookie I know how to make.Īs quick as I make a batch my family makes them disappear.Account icon An icon in the shape of a person's head and shoulders. These cookies are made in one bowl and don’t need to go in the refrigerator. These cookies are SO easy and soft and addictive and oooppss I think I ate half the batch on my own. The employees are always so helpful and polite.īack to the cookies. I tell her she can’t have a cookie if doesn’t sit down and half the time it works.īy the way – this is NOT a sponsored post although I can’t say enough good things about Publix. Have I mentioned that I am not above bribery? I probably look like a crazy person as she is flailing to get out and I am telling her through gritted teeth that she is staying in the cart. Okay, okay I wish it was that easy but really my kids typically slow down those in and out trips.ĭelilah needs a cookie (a sprinkle cookie of course) and she is in that stage where she thinks she should walk instead of ride in the cart which is always a constant battle. ![]() I run in and grab what I need and then I’m outta there. If I am running low or am out of something it is a mile down the road. I buy nearly all of my meat and produce at Publix and it happens to be the closest grocery store to us. ![]() ![]() ![]() Graphs are temporarily disabled Graphs were disabled on 18 April 2023 due to a software issue.Īverage rainfall, rainfall anomaly, and observed rainfall from 24 January to 8 February 2023, NIWA Late January įrom 27 January, a tropical atmospheric river carrying a long band of rain and thunderstorms lay mostly stationary over the upper North Island, blocked by a large anticyclone to the southeast of the country which prevented it from moving south across New Zealand. Significant flooding events had previously occurred in Auckland in August 2021 and March 2022. ![]() Tar seals and concrete surfaces on roads, carparks, and buildings also prevent rainwater from dispersing into the ground, causing water to pool up and surfaces to flood during heavy rain events. Īccording to Victoria University of Wellington climate scientist James Renwick and University of Auckland urban planning lecturer Timothy Welch, Auckland, along with many other areas in the country, experiences ageing stormwater infrastructure systems which are unable to cope with population growth and the impact of climate change. Before the events of 27 January, there was already sentiment brewing among some in the country that the summer of 2022–23 was the country's "worst summer ever". Heavy rain plagued the northern and eastern areas of the country through most of January, with flooding events shortly after New Year, and Cyclone Hale impacting the country on 10 and 11 January. In January 2023, Auckland and the upper North Island experienced relentless maritime heatwave conditions caused by the annual La Niña cycle and exacerbated by climate change. Minister of Finance Grant Robertson stated at the time that the event was New Zealand's costliest non-earthquake event ever, although this record was broken only two weeks later when Cyclone Gabrielle impacted the country. ![]() Over the following days other areas of the upper North Island were impacted. The event is considered to be the worst floods in Auckland's modern history. NIWA reported that an entire summer's worth of rain fell within one day in what it described as a 1-in-200-year event. Flooding was widespread across the city, with West Auckland and North Shore being the worst affected areas. Severe flash flooding occurred across Auckland from around 5:00 pm on 27 January local time, after heavy rain in the afternoon. On Steam the game is currently discounted by 25 percent and it has an Overwhelming Positive standing with 96 percent of its 97 055 reviews being positive.Map of the North Island, where the floods occurredĢ7 January 2023 ( ) – 2 February 2023 ( ) (7 days) īeginning on Friday, 27 January 2023, regions across the upper North Island of New Zealand experienced widespread catastrophic floods caused by heavy rainfall, with Auckland being the most significantly affected as the Auckland Anniversary holiday weekend began. Risk of Rain 2 is available now on Google Stadia, Nintendo Switch, PC, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. The final stage is also very welcome as it was rather bland and an absolute slog to get through.Īs mentioned the full patch notes are available for those who would like to comb through. We really like these changes as having just one character to use when you start the game – the Commando – did feel very limiting and we’re sure some players gave up on the game before they could unlock more. Please let us know how you feel!” Hopoo continues. “The final stage has been redone entirely, with unique objectives and a new, large arena to play in. For the former the character Huntress is now unlocked by default, and for the latter the final stage has been reworked. arguably the biggest changes affect the start of the game and very end. Outside of that slew of new stuff there’s also changes to what is already in the game. Th Bandit also has a new skin you can equip to change up its looks. This is new for Risk of Rain 2 but it is actually a returning character from the first game. Players can now access a new character – the Bandit. The full patch notes for the Anniversary Update can be found here, but it’s a rather long read, so we’ll cover some of the more important parts. Let us know if you like it!” Hopoo Games writes. This patch includes both new content and updated old content. “Our goal with this update is to upgrade and round out the game as a whole, and also be a ‘thanks!’ to all our fans that supported us through Early Access. To celebrate, developer Hopoo Games has released the free Anniversary Update that is rather transformative. Risk of Rain 2, the popular third person shooter roguelike, is celebrating a milestone in March 2021 as it was the same month back in 2019 that the game was released to the public in Early Access. ![]() ![]() ![]() Indeed, later medieval castles, such as Bodiam Castle in East Sussex, were decked out with faux machicolations which lacked holes, but were intended to give an air of fearsome impregnability.In A Little Einsteins Halloween, the Little Einsteins arrived at the Medieval Castle and Rocket landed in front of the entrance of the the medieval castle head out of Rocket as Annie told Quincy to knock on the door and so, Quincy knocks to the tune of In the Hall of the Mountain King and soon, Leo asks about their Halloween treats and they toss in our pumpkin basket. Machicolations, on the other hand, hung off the side of the castle and curtain walls, acting as a deterrent to those who still poised to breach the perimeter. Their purpose was to allow the defenders to harm or kill those who had already made it through the castle gates. Murder holes were set within the ceilings of the castle’s interior structures, primarily in the entranceways. So what’s the difference between murder holes and machicolations? It was a matter of location. Hot oil would have been far too expensive for common use, so instead the defenders typically dropped boiling water and caustic quicklime which blistered and blinded the invaders. Although these holes are popularly associated with the dousing of hot oil, historical evidence suggests that this wasn’t the go-to substance for castle defenders. Machicolations and murder holes shared a similar function: they were gaps through which a castle’s defenders could shoot arrows, throw rocks or pour scalding hot substances. Read more about: Medieval History 5 strangest medieval battles Machicolations and murder holes As advancements in weaponry and warfare evolved, so did the arrow loops, with the introduction of gunpowder calling for round openings in the slits to allow for firearms. The walls supporting the arrow loops were tapered to allow for a wider field of vision for the archer whilst remaining a palm’s width on the outside, making it a nearly impossible target for the aggressor.īelieved to be created by Archimedes circa 214 BC, arrow loops had fallen out of fashion during the Norman invasion era, only to return as a permanent fixture in castle design by the 13th century. ![]() Standing up to nine feet tall with a horizontal line at eye height, arrow slits often resembled Christian crosses. Arrow loopsĪrrow loops, also known as arrow slits, were narrow openings in a fortification’s walls and battlements through which bowmen could fire their arrows and bolts. ![]() Turrets were the perfect lookout point to spot the next siege and to provide cover for the soldiers defending the nearby towers. Circular towers were also superior due to the increased line of sight for archers and were more resistant to projectiles.Īdding to the field of vision even further were the smaller towers known as turrets, which were mounted along the curtain walls and the castle walls themselves. These latter structures were less susceptible to mining, an act of tunnel warfare carried out by sappers who would dig trenches underneath the curtain wall, hoping to invade from beneath. During the early medieval period, towers were often rectangular, but they later evolved into round towers. Taking various forms over the centuries, towers were of paramount importance to a castle’s defence. Although they played an important role in the early medieval era, improvements in weaponry left battlements as a mostly decorative feature during the later period. When topped with an additional indented wall known as a battlement, these structures provided a sheltered walkway for soldiers to travel around the perimeter while protected from enemy fire. For example, the curtain wall of Caerphilly Castle in Wales was built to an impenetrable depth of over two metres. Surrounding the courtyards of castles, outer curtain walls were often built to imposing heights of over 30 feet and were thick enough to withstand attacks from battering rams. Those valiant enough to make it across the moat were faced with the highly forbidding outer curtain wall. Read more about: Medieval History 6 bloodiest battles in medieval history Outer curtain walls ![]() |
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